2014年终总结全球发生了很多变化

2015年01月04日16:13 来源：小站整理: 参与（0）阅读（3644）

摘要：2014年发生了很多事，你知道的，你不知道的，回首过去一年，可以用“翻天覆地”这四个字来形容这一年来的改变。小到人与人之间的情感，大到国与国之间的政变，2014土豪层出不穷，其中有多少白富美，你造吗？2014有种花开得美却有毒，你知道它正在哪里疯狂生长吗？年底就让小站教育为你扒一扒全球大事件！

This year shattered records from the number of billionaires to the number of refugees. It also happened to be the warmest year recorded and featured the highest-ever levels of wheat production and sales of industrial robots. The statistics below show how the world changed this year, in ways both big and small.

2014的政变有点儿多

政变这种东东原本是件稀罕事儿，比起2013年的一场埃及政变，今年全球发生的政变多得让政治学家，都觉得有点儿不科学。2014年，泰国政府和非洲国家布基纳法索政府都被军方颠覆了。乌克兰前总统维克多·亚努科维奇也被赶下了台。不过，不管别人怎么评价基辅的动荡，在亚努科维奇看来，这就是一场“夺权篡位”！总而言之，相比2013，全球发生的政变在今年翻了番。

100-200 percent: Increase in the number of coups since 2013. This year, the governments of Thailand and Burkina Faso were toppled by their militaries. In Ukraine, meanwhile, a popular uprising and a parliamentary vote ejected then-President Viktor Yanukovych. There is some debate over whether the events in Kiev technically count as a coup as Yankovych has claimed, but according to academic definitions, wrote coup expert Jay Ulfelder, “pedantically, Yanukovych is correct.” In any case, while coups are exceedingly rare worldwide, 2014's number represents a jump from the one successful coup, Egypt’s, last year.

G8变成G7了

八国集团首脑会议(G8 Summit)由西方七国首脑会议演变而来，2014最终又回归成了原先的七国。俄罗斯是最后一个入伙的，却是第一个被赶出来的。原因则是今年三月克里米亚并入了俄罗斯。孤立、制裁神马的自然是少不了的，而且那七国还得抱团讨论着……首脑会议八缺一，G8成员国减少了12.5%。

12.5 percent: Decline in the membership of what used to be the Group of 8 leading industrialized democracies—the group's largest and only decline ever. After Russia was kicked out of the exclusive club following Crimea’s incorporation into Russia, the G8 became the G7. Russia had been the last member to join the exclusive club and the first to go; the group is now back to its 1998 membership.

土豪数量大爆发

据说，截至今年3月，地球上一共有1645名亿万富翁，这里面有268位是今年新晋的土豪，年增长率高达19%，创了福布斯从1987年统计至今的历史新高。其中的白富美共有172人，虽然增多了25%，但在土豪大军里，女性的比重依然只有10%。

19 percent: Increase in the number of billionaires around the world in 2014, according to Forbes’s annual billionaires’ list. As of March this year, there were 1,645 billionaires on the planet, including 268 new ones, the biggest annual increase since Forbes started counting in 1987. The year saw about a 25-percent increase in the number of female billionaires, the highest ever, though with 172 female billionaires, women still make up only about 10 percent of the total list.

阿富汗罂粟大丰收

阿富汗的鸦片生产力较去年增长了17%。在过去三年里，阿富汗的罂粟产业一直“蒸蒸日上”，今年的罂粟产量更是超过去年，再创历史新高。联合国预计阿富汗能生产出6400吨的鸦片，相比1999年塔利班统治时期的最高产量4565吨，竟多了40%。

17 percent: Increase in Afghanistan’s opium-production potential since 2013. This year, Afghanistan broke its previous record for poppy production—which it set only last year. The country’s poppy industry has grown in each of the past three years; the UN now estimates that the country can produce 6,400 tons worth of opium, a production surge of 40 percent since its Taliban-era peak of 4,565 tons in 1999.

机器人有很多

相比去年，今年全球的工业机器人设备数量预计有望增长15%，这是要超过2013年机器人销量峰值的节奏。在某种程度上，这与制造业自动化的普及有很大关系。据说，中国是全球机器人最大的买主。不过，这里要说明的是，工业机器人并非形似人类，那种跟人类很像的机器人英文叫android。

15 percent: Expected increase in industrial robot installations worldwide since last year. This year’s on track to break 2013’s record of the highest number of industrial robots ever sold, in part due to increasing automation in manufacturing. China leads the world in industrial robot purchases. Note, as Merriam-Webster’s Concise Encyclopedia does, that “industrial robots do not resemble human beings; a robot in human form is called an android."

中国经济今年超美国？

国际货币基金组织(IMF)有一项预测显示，中国的经济规模今年将超越美国。这项预测的统计方法是基于各国购买力平价(PPP)来计算国民生产总值(GDP)的。但这里也存在一个理论汇率和现实汇率的问题，其准确性存在争议。按照其他算法预测，近10年，美国还将依然引领世界经济。

1.2 percent: Margin by which the size of China’s economy will surpass that of the U.S. for the first time in 2014, according to one International Monetary Fund projection. The IMF was measuring each country’s GDP at purchasing power parity, which, as Bloomberg defined it, “uses exchange rates that adjust for price differences of the same goods between nations.” By other measures, the U.S. will lead the pack of the world’s economies for perhaps another decade.

全球小麦产量增长

据国际谷物理事会统计，全球小麦产量较去年增长了0.6%，估计是历史上产量最高的一回。由于今年卢布贬值，俄罗斯国内食品和其他商品价格上涨，作为全球主要小麦出口国之一的俄罗斯也不得不限制了小麦出口。

0.6 percent: Increase in wheat production worldwide since last year. This year’s crop will put wheat output “at its highest level ever,” according to the International Grains Council. Meanwhile, though, Russia, one of the world’s main wheat suppliers, has restricted exports as its declining currency drives up domestic prices for food and other goods.

2014天气很热

今年全球的平均气温超过了20世纪的平均值，达到了零下17.1摄氏度（1.22华氏度）。2014年也成了科学家们跟踪记录以来最温暖的一年，往年的最高记录出现于2010年，当时的平均气温是零下17.7摄氏度（0.02华氏度）。

1.22°F: Average number of degrees by which the global temperature exceeded the 20th-century average. That makes 2014 to date the warmest period since scientists started keeping track, breaking by 0.02°F the previous record, set in 2010.

油价跌得很酸爽

2014年的夏天，国际每桶原油价格下跌了40%。由于全球原油需求放缓和新能源的增多，油价已进入近五年半以来的最低值。英国《金融时报》有文章表示，油价大跌是今年以来对全球经济最大的震动，对正常的经济运行也有很大的影响。

40 percent: Decline in the price of a barrel of oil from its 2014 peak this summer. Oil prices are now at their lowest levels in five and a half years due to slowing global demand and expanded alternative energy supplies. The Financial Times has called the price decline “by far the biggest shock for the global economy this year,” noting that its effects could “throw sand into the works of the usual economic relationships.”