不同专业文书写作有区别 名校各学科大牛给出最实在建议
- 2017年10月20日16:03 来源：小站整理作者：小站留学编辑
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个人陈述(personal statement)是文书写作的核心部分，科研实力和学术成就则是其中最有说服力的一项，不同专业的学生如何制作出一份能让招生官眼前一亮的个人陈述?来听听国外高校法律、心理、历史、地理、数学、物理、医学、经济、计算机科学等各学科专家的专业指导。
传送门>>>>>>文书写作个人陈述指导汇总 名校范文大礼包砸来!(火速更新中)
法学
Tim Hillier，德蒙特福特法学院院长
"We like to know that students are going to be interested in studying law. It's useful to know what motivated the applicant to choose law rather than all the other subjects on offer.
我们想知道，学生对学习法律是否感兴趣。了解是什么促使申请者选择法律而不是其他专业是很有意义的。
"Interest may stem from A-level study, or from something in the news, or from personal interaction with the law. It doesn't matter as long as it is personal to the individual applicant.
兴趣可能来自于A级研究，也可能是新闻中的某些内容，或者是与法律的个人联系。这并不重要，只要是申请者个人的兴趣来源。
"Law is also very much about communication and language so personal statements that indicate genuine interest in reading (beyond the set texts for A-level) or the meaning of words will suggest an aptitude for law."
法律与语言和沟通也有很大的关联。所以，个人陈述显示的是对阅读真正的兴趣，或者是词意表现出法律上的素养。
心理学
Dr Andrew Clark，伦敦布鲁内尔大学的心理学本科招生导师
"I’m not interested in applicants name-checking specific psychological studies. They don’t need to have studied the subject before, and they don’t need to have been interested from an early age.
我对申请者称在做某一特定的心理学研究并不感兴趣。他们并不一定要研究过这一学科，也不一定是从很早年纪就对心理学产生了兴趣。
"Instead, I want to know that applicants understand and appreciate modern psychology as a scientific endeavour, one which relies on formulating hypotheses and testing them with data to gain insights into brain and behaviour.
相反，我想知道申请者理解和欣赏现代心理学，把它当做是科学努力出的成果，这要依赖于形成假设并用数据进行验证，从而获得对大脑和行为的认识。
"There are a lot of public misconceptions about what the subject is about, most of which ignore this critical feature. The more misconceptions an applicant holds, the more likely that they’ll be disappointed with the course."
很多人对心理学这一学科存在误解，大多数忽略了它的关键特性。一个申请者的误解越多，那么他对这一学科未来的课程学习将越有可能感到失望。
医学
Dr Karen Grant，兰卡斯特医学院的招生主任和医学研究副主任
"A common mistake that applicants make when they write their personal statement is to describe a long list of different types of work and voluntary experience, without reflecting on these experiences and without demonstrating much insight into their chosen career.
大多数申请者在写个人陈述时常犯的一个错误就是，描述一长串不同类型的工作和志愿经历，却没有反思和总结，也没有体现出他们对自身选择的职业生涯有很深的的见解。
"Much more important than what you have done is what you can demonstrate that you learned from the experience. What did you learn about being a doctor/working in modern healthcare? What did you learn about your own suitability to be a doctor? How did your experiences cement your desire to become a doctor?"
个人陈述中比你做了什么更重要的是你能证明你从经历中学到了知识：当你在一个现代医疗中心工作时，你学到了什么?当你在适应成为一名医生的工程中，你学到了什么?你的这些经历又是怎样一步步强化你希望成为一名医生的欲望?
历史
Bob Moore，谢菲尔德大学历史系教授
"One of the most important elements of a personal statement is for an applicant to show his/her engagement with the subject beyond the confines of their A-level studies. This might take the form of a book, a location or an activity that has been particularly influential in their choice course.
个人陈述最重要的一个元素就是，在A级研究范围之外，展现他们在相应课程领域的投入程度。这可能需要通过一本书、一个定位或者一项活动的形式来展现，而这些内容一定对他们的课程选择产生了特别的影响。
"Telling us why this particular work or event is personally significant is a good way for an applicant to demonstrate their passion for - and commitment to - studying history at degree level, showing us that they will be a bright and engaged student."
在文书中说明为什么这一特殊的工作对申请者本人产生了重要影响是一个很好的方式，有利于去证明他们在历史学术研究上的热情和投入精神，同时向我们展示了他们将会是聪明好学的学生。
地理
Lorna Stevenson，伦敦政治经济学院本科招生官
"Aspiring geographers often like to tell us about their travels. Get the most out of your holiday stories by including some geographical analysis: did the city you visit conform to traditional ideas about urban layout, for example.
有激情的地理学家往往向我们讲述他们的旅行经历。通过一些地理上的分析，你可以更好地运用你旅途中的故事，比如，你所到访的城市是否符合城市规划的传统观念。
"You could also consider the geographical aspects of stories in the news. All universities want to recruit students who are aware of what’s going on around them. If you are able to add your own opinion on these topics it shows that you have the analytical skills needed."
你也可以在新闻中从地理角度思考旅途中的故事。很多大学都希望招到那些能清楚感知其周围发生了什么的学生。如果你能在这些话题上发表自己的观点，那么就可以说明你具备必要的分析能力。
计算机科学
Dr Neil A. Gordon,赫尔大学计算机科学系招生官
"Generic statements such as ‘keeping up to date with technology’ tell us very little, but if you have experience of Scratch programming, have investigated a programming language such as C# or Java, or have built something using a Raspberry Pi, that’s relevant.
与科学保持一致”这样的泛泛之谈能告诉我们的有用信息很少，但是如果你有Scratch编程经历，研究过C++或Java之类的编程语言，或者用树莓派建过模型，那么这些信息是非常有用。
"Visiting a university computing department, attending a science fair, or being a member of a computing society would also show a personal interest in the subject."
参观过高校的计算机学院，或参加过某一科学博览会，或是成为计算机圈中的一个成员，同样能展现你在这一学科中的兴趣。
经济学
Dr Gary Slater，利兹大学商学院经济学副教授
"Too often, applicants make vague statements like 'economics informs everything' or 'as an avid reader of The Economist…' but these don’t impress.
通常，申请者会用到很模糊的陈述，比如“经济反映出任何事”或者“作为经济学人的热心读者”。但是这些陈述并不能让人产生印象。
"Instead, say something meaningful about the books you've read, economists' blogs you follow or topical issues you’re following, including what in particular you find interesting (or even disagree with). In short, be yourself, be honest and make sure you evidence your enthusiasm for the subject."
相反，谈一些你读过的有意义的书籍，或你关注的经济学家的博客，或你正追的热门话题，加上那些你认为有趣的(甚至是不同意)的内容。简而言之，要真实展现自我，展现出你对这一学科的热情。
数学统计学
Tristan Pryer，雷丁大学数学、物理、计算机科学学院数学统计学系招生导师
“Two things make a personal statement stand out.
两个要点可以让个人陈述脱颖而出。
"The first is enthusiasm for the subject. Not 'I’ve liked maths from an early age', more why you like it, and how your interests fit in with the institution.
第一是对学科的热情。并不仅仅是“我从很早就开始喜欢数学了“，多谈一点为什么你喜欢它，你的兴趣又将与这一学科机构如何相适应。
"Second is to highlight what makes you unique. Why should I spend time reading your application over the other hundreds that I receive?
第二是突出你与其他申请者的不同之处。为什么我要花时间从数百份文书申请中花时间来阅读你的呢?
"If you manage to convince the admissions tutor that you’re an interesting and qualified candidate, you’re far more likely to get in."
如果你成功让招生官相信你是一个有趣且合格的候选者，那你将有很大的可能被录取。
物理
Todd Huffman，牛津大学玛格丽特夫人学堂物理学教授
"The biggest mistake that students make in their personal statements is when they list books they have read, but then, in interview, seem incapable of telling us anything about the books. Remember, we might well have read those books too!
学生犯的最大的错误就是，他们会在个人陈述中列出他们读过的书单，在之后的面试中，他们却无法告诉我们任何有关读过这本书的感受。记住，我们也可能认真读过这些书。
"So if you do list books that you read that you either found interesting or inspired you, make sure you re-read them shortly before your interview so that you can talk about them. And it might be good, if you list any at all, to only limit yourself to one or two books. Personally, If I were writing a personal statement I would not list any books at all."
因此，如果你真要列书单，列那些你感兴趣的或者对你有影响的。确保在面试前你可以简略地重温一遍，这样你可以和面试官交谈你读过的书单。如果你想列书单，请只列上1到2本。就我个人而言，如果我来写个人陈述，我根本就不会列书单。
化学
Dr Philippa Cranwell，雷丁大学有机化学教员、招生官
"As admissions tutor I want to know why you are interested in chemistry. Try to avoid the usual phrases like 'I have always been interested in…' and tell me something that I won’t have come across before. For example: 'When reading Chemistry World I was fascinated by the article about fluorescent proteins…'
作为一名招生官，我很想知道你为什么会对化学感兴趣。注意避免用太过平常的语句，比如”我一直对……感兴趣“，告诉我一些我以前没遇见过的事，比如”当我读了《化学世界》，我被有关‘荧光蛋白’的这篇文章吸引了……“。
"This shows that you are going the extra mile to read about chemistry; over and above what you are taught in class. As an admissions tutor I look for enthusiasm, passion and a love of the subject. That will make you stand out."
这显示出在课外，你在阅读化学相关的文章上已经走的比较远了。作为一个招生官，我找的是对学科有热情的学生。这一陈述将使你脱颖而出。
看了那么多高校招生官和专业大牛的中肯建议，对如何写好一篇让招生官满意的个人陈述，你大概有所了解了。总结起来就是千万别泛泛而谈，也别挖坑给自己跳，而出从具体的事入手，多谈自己的收获和体悟，还有招生官很希望自己的学生对所学专业充满热情，换句话说，我爱学习，学习使我快乐!
