【留学语言考试】关于天气你必须要了解的英文单词
- 2015年02月20日16:09 来源：小站整理
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[寒潮 cold snap]
例句：
Cold snap brought snow, which began on Saturday night and lasted until Sunday afternoon.
寒潮带来降雪，这场雪从周六晚间一直持续到周日下午。
Cold snap(寒潮、寒流)是指strong cold air(强冷空气)由亚洲大陆西部或西北部侵袭中国时的强降温天气过程，一般多发生在秋末、冬季、初春时节，也可以称作cold spell、cold wave。寒潮地面高压的前端一般都有一条cold front(冷锋，冷空气前锋)。有时，为缓解干旱，有关部门会进行weather modification(人工影响天气)作业带来降雪。
[极端天气 extreme weather]
例句：
At least four are missing after extreme weather hit five provinces in South China, the Ministry of Civil Affairs said.
民政部表示，我国南方五省遭遇极端天气，已导致至少4人失踪。
极端天气(extreme weather)近年来频繁出现在世界各地，包括冰雹(hailstone)、雷暴(thunderstorm)、龙卷风(tornado)，飓风(hurricane)，以及暴雪(snowstorm)等，其中极其严重的暴雪又叫blizzard。
虽然极端天气这样的自然灾害(natural disaster)带来的损失不可避免，不过提前做好各项应急预案(emergency response plan)，灾害发生时第一时间组织人员撤离(evacuation)也是可以帮助减少损失的。当然，灾害过去之后的重建(rebuilding after disaster)也不容忽视。
[橙色预警 orange alert]
例句：
The Central Meteorological Station yesterday morning extended the warning of a strong cold spell and snowstorms by issuing an orange alert, the second-highest level.
中央气象台昨天上午发布了强冷空气和暴雪预警，将预警级别提高到了二级橙色预警级别。
Orange alert就是指"橙色预警"，台风、暴雨、暴雪、寒潮、大风等气象灾害预警信号基本划分为四级，分别以蓝色(blue)、黄色(yellow)、橙色(orange)和红色(red)表示，警报级别依次上升。
Alert表示"警报，警惕"，如恐怖威胁预警"terror alert"。
暴雪不仅会造成大量stranded passengers(滞留旅客)，而且导致多地机场full or partial closure(全部或部分关闭)，flight cancellations and delays(航班取消或延误)，long-distance bus(长途客车)运行受阻。
Low visibility(低能见度)也使道路交通出现阻塞。很多人改乘bullet train(动车)返乡。Cold wave(寒潮)导致北方大部分地区出现降温，多处state highways(国道)关闭。有关部门会开展anti-disaster work(抗灾工作)，如在道路上喷洒snow-melting chemicals(融雪剂)帮助除雪，或采用snow plow(扫雪机)清理路面。
[公共供暖 public heating]
例句：
Due to the cold snap, some areas in the northern part of the country - such as Beijing, Shenyang and Zhangjiakou - will turn on their public heating systems ahead of schedule.
受寒流影响，北京、沈阳、张家口等北方城市将提前开始供暖。
Public heating system就是我国北方多数城市实行的"公共供暖系统"，过去全部都是collective heating(集体供暖)，现在不少住宅小区都已实现household-based heating(分户采暖)。
一般来说，average daily temperatures(日平均气温)连续5天低于5摄氏度时就可以开始供暖了。北方的heating season(采暖季)一般都从11月开始，部分寒冷地区则在十月中旬即开始供暖。
[停电 power failure]
例句：
Passengers were stuck at railway station after a power failure caused by snow, ice and sleet stopped more than 136 trains.
由于大雪、冰冻和雨夹雪造成的停电，超过136列列车受阻，大量旅客滞留火车站内。
Power cut/power failure 均表示"停电，断电";相关词汇有：电网 power grid，架高压电缆的铁塔 pylons。
电力管制，限电则是power brownouts。天冷导致煤电消耗很大，为了确保居民用电，部分城市地区会实行电力管制，限制用电。
例句：
Changsha, capital of Hunan province, has reported power brownouts.
据报道，湖南省会长沙已经限电。
Several regional airports have been closed and many provinces have imposed power brownouts to conserve energy.
部分地方城市机场已经关闭，许多省份实施限电以节省能源。
1) to wrap up warm 穿暖和点
You better wrap up warm before you go out tonight. The temperature is below freezing!
你今晚出门最好穿暖和点，温度已经降到零下了!
2) to be dumped on 下大雪
This weekend we got dumped on and couldn't get the car out of the driveway.
这周末下了场大雪，车都开不出车道了。
3) biting cold 寒冷刺骨
Last week we had biting cold temperatures in the Boston area.
上周波士顿地区温度低得冻死人。
4) to be snowed in 被大雪堵在家里了
Let's stock up on water in case we get snowed in during the blizzard.
我们多囤点水吧，万一被暴风雪堵在家里出不了门了呢。
5) flurries 小雪
We expected a major snowstorm, but we only got flurries.
我们还以为会下一场鹅毛大雪，结果只有零星小雪。
6) frostbite 冻伤
The mountain climbers got frostbite when they climbed Mt. Qomolangma.
登山者在爬珠峰的时候冻伤了。
7) ice up 结冰
The cold weather iced the pond up, so we decided to go skating.
天气冷得湖水都冻上了，我们决定滑冰去。
8) snow plow: 雪犁、扫雪机
Let's hire someone to come with a snow plow and get rid of the snow in our driveway.
我们雇个人派辆扫雪机来，把车道上的雪都清理了吧。
-be snowed down工作太多做不过来
例句：
I've been snowed down by my work.
我被工作压得喘不过气来。
-white as snow纯洁无辜
例句：
The accused didn't commit the murder, he is as white as snow.
被告并没有杀人，他是无辜的。
-pure as the driven snow纯洁正直、天真无暇
Being as pure as the driven snow can be a difficult task for young people in today's world.
在当今社会，年轻人很难保持纯洁正直。
-break the ice打破僵局，首先发言
I usually break the ice in awkward social situations by telling an amusing anecdote.
在尴尬的社交场合中，我通常先讲些趣闻轶事打破僵局。
-save for a rainy day未雨绸缪
例句：
We save money for a rainy day.
我们存点钱算是未雨绸缪。
-it never rains but it pours祸不单行
例句：
I just got sacked and my wife left me!So it never rains but it pours!
我刚被解雇，妻子又离开了我。真是祸不单行啊。
-right as rain身体健康，一切正常
例句：
I was sick, but now I feel as right as rain.
我之前是生病了，不过现在我觉得一切正常，精神很好。
-on cloud nine飘飘然如上九重天
例句：
He was on cloud nine after winning the marathon.
他赢了马拉松比赛之后，极度兴奋。
-head in the cloud不切实际，好高骛远
例句：
You can't always have your head in the cloud, you need to be down-to-earth.
你不能总是那么好高骛远，要脚踏实地一些。
-chase rainbows做白日梦
例句：
Chasing rainbows won't get you anywhere.
做白日梦不会对你有任何帮助。
-sail close to the wind冒险
例句：
If you believe what he said, you are sailing close to the wind.
你要是相信了他的话，那你可就是在冒险了。
-know which way the wind blows了解情况
例句：
He never tells his thoughts until he knows which way the wind blows.
不了解清楚情况，他从不发表看法。
-throw caution to the wind不计后果地冒险
Should I throw caution to the wind and take the new job?
我是不是该豁出去冒一次险，接受这份新工作?
【词汇】
blizzard暴风雪
snowstorm暴雪
blowing snow高吹雪
drifting snow低吹雪/飘雪
sleet雨夹雪
snowdrift堆雪
snow shower阵雪
light snow小雪
flurry阵雪/小雪
heavy snow大雪
snowfall降雪
snowflake雪花
snow-covered积雪覆盖的
snow-capped山顶部被雪覆盖的
black ice透明薄冰
slippery toboggan run湿滑的雪橇冰道
snow plow扫雪机
snow chain雪地防滑链(汽车在雪地上行驶时用)
snow fence防雪篱
sledge雪橇
